2022年霍普杯三等奖<来自大地的礼物>深度解读
编者按：UIA-霍普杯2022国际大学生建筑设计竞赛由普利兹克建筑奖得主、Morphosis建筑事务所创始人汤姆·梅恩（Thom Mayne）担任主席并拟定题目“折叠景观——城乡结合的范式”。下面让我们一起来看看获得本次竞赛三等奖作品《来自大地的礼物》的深度解读吧！
UIA-HYP CUP
前 言 设计说明
来自大地的礼物概念图 @笔者自绘
城市与乡村自始就有天然纽带，两者相互依存、有机联系。在漫长的传统农业社会里，城乡关系虽表现出种种形态，但城市和乡村间的共生与互动无疑是普遍存在的。随之形成以“城市、城镇、乡村”为代表的城市原型，随着社会分工进一步细化，城市功能不断完善，三者之间界限变得模糊，在社会体系中的功能分工日趋割裂。The city and the countryside have had a natural bond since the beginning, with the two being interdependent and organically linked. In the long history of traditional agrarian societies, the relationship between urban and rural areas has taken various forms, but the symbiosis and interaction between urban and rural areas has undoubtedly been widespread. The urban archetype of 'city, town and countryside' was then formed, and as the division of labour became more refined and the functions of cities became more sophisticated, the boundaries between the three became blurred. The boundaries between the three became blurred and the division of functions within the social system became increasingly fragmented.
因此，我们提出符合社会体系中现代城市可持续发展的新思路和新理念。为了达到社会系统的动态和谐，以及让城市人不忘记乡村的美好，乡村人不再只是单纯的为城市人供给粮食，我们提出了以“农业废料”为主要关系粘合剂的新型低碳社会系统网。Therefore, we propose new ideas and concepts that are in line with the sustainable development of modern cities in social systems. In order to achieve a dynamic and harmonious social system, and to ensure that urban people do not forget the beauty of the countryside and that rural people no longer simply supply food to urban people, we propose a new low carbon social system network with "agricultural waste" as the main relational glue.
UIA-HYP CUP
PART Ⅰ 研究过程
01
竞赛解读
关于城乡结合的范式，城市与乡村的结合从来不仅仅单向组合，而是乡村与乡村、城市与乡村、城市与城市之间联系形成的社会系统网。随着城市中功能分区不断细化，城市与城市之间形成的经济纽带促进了城市群的快速发展，而乡村与乡村、乡村与城市之间的发展速度相对滞后。在城乡关系中，城市一直扮演着向乡村不停的索取粮食、土地等资源的“侵略者”，而在乡村产生的大量农业废料不得不用焚烧、掩埋等方式处理，也不断影响着乡村的方方面面。With regard to the paradigm of urban-rural integration, the combination of city and countryside has never been just a one-way combination, but a network of social systems formed by links between countryside and countryside, city and countryside, and city and city. As functional subdivisions in cities continue to be refined, the economic ties formed between cities have contributed to the rapid development of urban agglomerations, while the pace of development between countryside and countryside, and between countryside and city, has lagged relatively behind. In the urban-rural relationship, the city has always played the role of the 'aggressor' who constantly demands food, land and other resources from the countryside, while the large amount of agricultural waste generated in the countryside, which has to be disposed of by burning and burying, continues to affect the countryside in every way.
02
研究方向
如何平衡城市和乡村的关系，我们提出“将乡村的农业废料引入城市”理念，并且搭建一套完整的废料再利用系统，最大程度的减少碳排放并且做到物尽其用。这种灵感是城市垃圾侵占农村的一种以德报怨的回报方式，带着农村的善意，让城市进行自身发展的思考。
We propose the idea of 'bringing agricultural waste from the countryside into the city' and build a complete system of waste reuse to minimise carbon emissions and make the best use of it. This inspiration is a way of repaying the city's waste for its encroachment on the countryside, bringing the goodwill of the countryside to the city to think about its own development.
新型低碳社会系统网 @笔者自绘
03
场地的选择缘由
研究初期，我们从黄河流经的省份城市中选取六个城市原型进行讨论，最后确定以中下游流经的河南省郑州市、开封市以及中牟县作为城市原型的研究对象。
At the beginning of the study, six city prototypes were selected for discussion from cities in the provinces through which the Yellow River flows, and we finally settled on Zhengzhou City, Kaifeng City and Zhongmou County in the middle and lower reaches of Henan Province as city prototypes for the study.
选址 @笔者自绘
对此进行场地分析，该区域以黄河为界，黄河以北是主要发展传统农业的乡村群落，黄河以南是以“郑州市-中牟县-开封市”为代表的城市与乡镇的组合原型，以此研究该区域未来城乡结合发展的可能。
A site analysis of the area is carried out, with the Yellow River as the boundary, and to the north of the Yellow River is a rural agglomeration of mainly traditional agriculture, while to the south of the Yellow River is a prototype combination of cities and towns represented by 'Zhengzhou City - Zhongmou County - Kaifeng City', in order to study the potential for future urban-rural integration in the area.
场地分析 @笔者自绘
UIA-HYP CUP
PART Ⅱ 设计过程
01
设计阶段
在项目开启阶段，团队成员再次就官方发布的主题、竞赛背景进行深刻解读，对大赛评委会主席汤姆·梅恩的建筑作品及设计思想进行深入了解。我们根据汤姆·梅恩认为城市化已经成为了十分紧迫的问题，并结合竞赛背景，明确设计意图，展开具体设计工作。During the opening phase of the project, the team members once again read deeply into the official theme, the context of the competition, and the architectural work and design ideas of the competition's jury chairman, Tom Mayne. The design was based on Tom Mayne's view that urbanisation has become a very urgent issue, and in the context of the competition, we were able to clarify the design intentions and start the design work.
首先，对场地现存矛盾问题进行分析，并对该区域黄河以北的乡村“农业废料”进行种类分类，按种植时间、农业剩余废料类型、降解分解方式等等进行分类，使此次设计具有相应理论支撑。最终确定农业废料处理后可作为建筑材料的可行性，再对材料使用的空间形式结合当地特色进行相应的思考，保证该方案既能成为城市“范例”，又能保留不同城市的历史文化风貌特点。Firstly, the existing contradictions of the site were analysed and the 'agricultural waste' from the countryside north of the Yellow River in the area was classified according to the time of cultivation, the type of agricultural residual waste, the method of degradation and decomposition, etc., so that the design could be theoretically supported. The feasibility of using the agricultural waste as a building material after treatment is determined, and the spatial form of the material used is then considered in relation to the local characteristics to ensure that the scheme can become an urban 'example' while preserving the historical and cultural characteristics of the different cities.
分类 @笔者自绘
02
项目特色
根据前期对农业材料、绿色材料等相关材料研究，从选址地区的农作物入手，将其产生的“农业废料”分为稻壳材料、秸秆材料、菌丝材料、藻类材料等。对其回收再处理的方式进行了探究，主要为打碎、搅拌、燃烧、压制、浸泡等等。通过不同的处理方式，不同材料会产生不同的特性，依据特性对其功能和形式进行探究。Based on previous research into agricultural materials and green materials, the agricultural waste from the site is divided into rice husk, straw, mycelium and algae materials, starting with the crops in the area. The methods of recycling and reprocessing are explored, mainly by shredding, mixing, burning, pressing and soaking. Through the different treatment methods, the different materials have different properties, and their functions and forms are explored according to their properties.
材料研究 @笔者自绘
最终形成从黄河以北的乡村“农业废料”处理，到黄河以南的城镇中某县进行具体加工处理以及将材料分流运输到附近城市，最终形成“农业废料”为主要关系粘合剂的新型低碳社会系统网。The result is a new low-carbon social system network with "agricultural waste" as the main binder of relationships, from the disposal of "agricultural waste" in the countryside north of the Yellow River, to the specific processingof the material in a county in a town south of the Yellow River and the diversion of the material to nearby cities.
“农业废料”处理 @笔者自绘
UIA-HYP CUP
PART Ⅲ 总结与感言
这次参赛作品是关于城市与乡村之间关系的一些思考与探索，乡村是城市的依附品？或是城市资源的索取来源？我们认为城乡关系是互利互惠也是互相制约的，无论是城市还是乡村都面临着废弃物给生活工作带来的巨大环境压力问题，城乡的生产和生活中绿色发展无疑是时代的主旋律，现今越来越多的农村探索秸秆、粪污就地消纳和综合利用，农业废弃物实现了变废为宝，我们认为将废弃物作为建筑材料是未来农业废弃物绿色利用的新型模式与产业,它将成为链接城市与乡村的另一条纽带，促进城乡平等互惠、各美其美、共建共享。This entry is a reflection and exploration of the relationship between the city and the countryside. Is the countryside a dependency of the city? Is the countryside a dependency of the city? Or is it a source of resources for the city? We believe that the relationship between urban and rural areas is both mutually beneficial and mutually restrictive, both urban and rural areas are facing the huge environmental pressure brought by waste. It will become another link between the city and the countryside, promoting equality and reciprocity between the city and the countryside, the beauty of each and the sharing.
Team Members
团队成员
陶涵瑜
曹政
陈阳
黄一夏
组长姓名：陶涵瑜组员姓名：陈阳、曹政、黄一夏指导老师：刘振宇
撰文 | 2022霍普杯组委会
编辑 | 2022霍普杯组委会、
《城市 环境 设计》（UED）新媒体部
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